{"id":7055,"date":"2017-02-23T17:54:54","date_gmt":"2017-02-23T17:54:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wma.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/medical_ethics_manual__persian_2_edition_2009.pdf"},"modified":"2017-02-23T17:55:39","modified_gmt":"2017-02-23T17:55:39","slug":"medical_ethics_manual__persian_2_edition_2009","status":"inherit","type":"attachment","link":"https:\/\/www.wma.net\/es\/que-hacemos\/educacion\/manual-de-etica-medica\/medical_ethics_manual__persian_2_edition_2009\/","title":{"rendered":"medical_ethics_manual__persian_2_edition_2009"},"author":2,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"acf":[],"description":{"rendered":"<p class=\"attachment\"><a href='https:\/\/www.wma.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/medical_ethics_manual__persian_2_edition_2009.pdf'>medical_ethics_manual__persian_2_edition_2009<\/a><\/p>\n<p>:<br \/>\n:1942-.<br \/>\nWilliams, John R. (John Reynold(<br \/>\n:] \/<br \/>\n[<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n::1389.<br \/>\n:140:.)(5\/19\u00d75\/9.<br \/>\n:22000:978-964-7976-76-3<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n::<br \/>\nMedical ethics manual,2nd ed.,2009.<br \/>\n:.<br \/>\n:.<br \/>\n:.<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n:1345-<br \/>\n:1363-<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n:World Medical Association<br \/>\n:1389294\/724R<br \/>\n:174\/2<br \/>\n:2252599<br \/>\nE.mail: gapnashr@gmail.com<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n:1389<br \/>\n:1200<br \/>\n:22000<br \/>\n:3-76-7976-964-978<br \/>\n:1&#8211;5994-14155<br \/>\n:3257500-0912-:66437332<br \/>\n2&#8211;..3531-41635<br \/>\n:2244315<br \/>\n:-)66490719()66970659(<br \/>\n)3-66960772()66978518(<br \/>\nw.w.w.iketab.com<br \/>\n4\u201377514462\u2013021<br \/>\n\/4<br \/>\n\/4<br \/>\n2009<br \/>\n.10<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n:<br \/>\nThe world Medical Association, B.P. 63,01212 Ferney\u2013Voltaire<br \/>\nCedex, France; Email: wma@wma.net, fax(+33) 450 40 59 37.<br \/>\nWMA<br \/>\n.<br \/>\nWMA.<br \/>\n&#8211;<br \/>\nWMA<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n[This book has been translated by Nazafarin Ghasemzadeh,<br \/>\nteacher of Medical Ethics in Urmia University of Medical<br \/>\nSciences, Urmia- Iran, and Nariman Sepehrvand.]<br \/>\n\/6<br \/>\n\/6<br \/>\n\/7<br \/>\n7\/<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/8<br \/>\n\/8<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n1389<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.13<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..15<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..15<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..18<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..20<br \/>\n:&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..23<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;24<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.25<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.27<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.29<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..31<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;32<br \/>\nWMA&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..33<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.34<br \/>\n\u00bb\u00ab&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.40<br \/>\n:&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..41<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;42<br \/>\n1&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.42<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.43<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.43<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.48<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;53<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.56<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..61<br \/>\n\/10<br \/>\n\/10<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..63<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..66<br \/>\n:&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..67<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;67<br \/>\n2&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..68<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..68<br \/>\n(DUAL LOYALTY)&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..70<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.73<br \/>\n(PUBLIC HEALTH)&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..78<br \/>\n(GLOBAL HEALTH)&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.81<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..84<br \/>\n:&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;85<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;85<br \/>\n3&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.86<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;86<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..88<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;91<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.93<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;93<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..96<br \/>\n:&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..99<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.100<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.101<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;104<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.105<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;106<br \/>\n\/11<br \/>\n11\/<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.107<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.108<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;109<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..110<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.111<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;111<br \/>\n(Whistle blowing)&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.112<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.112<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..114<br \/>\n:CONCLUSION&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..115<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..116<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.119<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..120<br \/>\n-&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;123<br \/>\n-&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..127<br \/>\n-WMA&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..129<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;129<br \/>\n(WFME)&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.129<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..125<br \/>\n-&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..127<br \/>\n-&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.129<br \/>\n\/12<br \/>\n\/12<br \/>\n\/13<br \/>\n13\/<br \/>\n)<br \/>\n(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n!<br \/>\n1999.<br \/>\n\u00bb<br \/>\n.\u00bb<br \/>\n)(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/14<br \/>\n\/14<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.\u00bb<br \/>\n\u00bb<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n&#8211;<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n-.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/15<br \/>\n15\/<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n1..<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n..<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n..<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n2..<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n3..<br \/>\n\/16<br \/>\n\/16<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n..<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n4..<br \/>\n(NSAID).<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)(.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/17<br \/>\n17\/<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)(.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)<br \/>\n(.<br \/>\n)(.<br \/>\n(Morality)<br \/>\n&#8211;<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\u00ab\u00bb\u00bb\u00bb\u00bb\u00bb\u00bb\u00bb\u00bb\u00bb)<br \/>\n\u00ab\u00bb(\u00ab\u00bb\u00bb\u00bb\u00bb\u00bb\u00bb\u00bb.<br \/>\n(Morality)-<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/18<br \/>\n\/18<br \/>\n(Ethics)<br \/>\n)(Morality.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.\u00bb\u00bb<br \/>\n.)<br \/>\n(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)<br \/>\n(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\u00ab\u00bb.<br \/>\n\u00bb<br \/>\n.\u00bb<br \/>\n\u00ab\u00bb<br \/>\n\/19<br \/>\n19\/<br \/>\n\u00bb<br \/>\n.\u00bb<br \/>\n\u00ab)(<br \/>\n.\u00bb<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n-.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/20<br \/>\n\/20<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)(.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.)(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/21<br \/>\n21\/<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/22<br \/>\n\/22<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/24<br \/>\n\/24<br \/>\n&#8212;<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/\/2525\/\/25\/\/<br \/>\n25\/\/<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n..<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/26<br \/>\n\/26<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)(:<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)(<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/\/2727\/\/27\/\/<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/28<br \/>\n\/28<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\u00bb<br \/>\n\u00bb<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n(WMA)<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/\/2929\/\/29\/\/<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.:<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/30<br \/>\n\/30<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.2005<br \/>\n\u00bb<br \/>\n\u00ab.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.(Self-care)<br \/>\n&#8211;<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n(Dual Loyalty).<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/\/3131\/\/31\/\/<br \/>\n)(.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/32<br \/>\n\/32<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)WMA(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/\/3333\/\/33\/\/<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)1947(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n1948.<br \/>\n2006.<br \/>\n1949196819832006<br \/>\n..<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n1964<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n2000.<br \/>\n100<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\nWMA<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/34<br \/>\n\/34<br \/>\n75<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n1997<br \/>\n2000.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/\/3535\/\/35\/\/<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\u00bb<br \/>\n\u00ab.:<br \/>\n\u00bb<br \/>\n.\u00bb<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n:rationalnon-rational)<br \/>\n(.non-rational<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n(Non-rational)<br \/>\n&#8211;<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/36<br \/>\n\/36<br \/>\nMorality<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)(<br \/>\n..<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)()<br \/>\n(.<br \/>\n\/\/3737\/\/37\/\/<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n(Rational)<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n(Deontology)(Consequentialism)<br \/>\n(Principlism)(Virtue).<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n.\u00bb<br \/>\n\u00ab.<br \/>\n)<br \/>\n.(<br \/>\n)<br \/>\n!(<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n(Utilitarianism)\u00bb\u00bb<br \/>\n:\u00bb\u00bb.<br \/>\n\/38<br \/>\n\/38<br \/>\n:-<br \/>\nQALYS)(DALYS)<br \/>\n(.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\u00ab\u00bb<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)Virtue ethics:(<br \/>\n\/\/3939\/\/39\/\/<br \/>\n..<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n1(.<br \/>\n2(<br \/>\n\/40<br \/>\n\/40<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n3(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n4(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n5(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n6(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\u00bb\u00ab<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/42<br \/>\n\/42<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n&#8211;<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n-.<br \/>\n&#8211;<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n&#8211;<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n-.<br \/>\n-\/<br \/>\n)(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n1:<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n..<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n..<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n43\/\/<br \/>\n&#8211;<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\u00ab\u00bb<br \/>\n\u00bb<br \/>\n.\u00bb<br \/>\n&#8211;<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)(.<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/44<br \/>\n\/44<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\u00bb\u00ab<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n1718<br \/>\n:<br \/>\nRationalism.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n1948&#8243;<br \/>\n.\u00bb<br \/>\n)<br \/>\n(.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\u00bb<br \/>\n45\/\/<br \/>\n.\u00bb<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)(.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n(Compassion)<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n.<br \/>\nWMA<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n:\u00bb<br \/>\n.\u00bb<br \/>\n\/46<br \/>\n\/46<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n&#8211;<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n&#8211;<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n47\/\/<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.HIV\/AIDS<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.HIV\/AIDS<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n.<br \/>\nHIV\/AIDS<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n&#8211;<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n:\u00bb<br \/>\n\/48<br \/>\n\/48<br \/>\n&#8230;\u00bb<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n2500.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n49\/\/<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n..<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)(.<br \/>\n&#8211;<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/50<br \/>\n\/50<br \/>\n\u00ab\u00bb(Consent)<br \/>\n\u00ab\u00bb<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n(explicit).<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n1(<br \/>\n)(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n:\u00bb<br \/>\n.\u00bb<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n2(<br \/>\n.\u00bb<br \/>\n\u00bb<br \/>\n(End-Stage)<br \/>\n51\/\/<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/52<br \/>\n\/52<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n(Placebo Effect).<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n53\/\/<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.)(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)<br \/>\n..(..<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n\u00bb<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/54<br \/>\n\/54<br \/>\n.\u00bb<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n:\u00bb<br \/>\n.\u00bb<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n55\/\/<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n((<br \/>\n(<br \/>\n(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n:\u00bb<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.\u00bb<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/56<br \/>\n\/56<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.:\u00bb<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n57\/\/<br \/>\n.\u00bb<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\nWMA\u00bb<br \/>\n.\u00bb<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/58<br \/>\n\/58<br \/>\n-.<br \/>\n-.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\u00bb<br \/>\n\u00ab.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\nWMA<br \/>\n59\/\/<br \/>\n..<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.-<br \/>\n&#8211;<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/60<br \/>\n\/60<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n..<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\nHIV<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n61\/\/<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\nHIV<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/62<br \/>\n\/62<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n&#8211;<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n&#8211;<br \/>\nIVF<br \/>\n)(<br \/>\n.(Surrogate)<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n&#8211;<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n&#8211;<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\u00ab(Conviction)<br \/>\n(Individual conscience).\u00bb<br \/>\n-)(<br \/>\n63\/\/<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n&#8211;<br \/>\n)(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)<br \/>\n(.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n&#8211;<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n&#8211;<br \/>\n\/64<br \/>\n\/64<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n65\/\/<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n..<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/66<br \/>\n\/66<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n&#8211;<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n1(-<br \/>\n.2(-<br \/>\n.3(-<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n1(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n2(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n3(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/68<br \/>\n\/68<br \/>\n2:<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n)profession(.<br \/>\n:)1(<br \/>\n.)2(<br \/>\n.\u00bb\u00bb<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n&#8211;<br \/>\n-)(<br \/>\n&#8211;.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\u00ab\u00bb<br \/>\n69\/\/<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\u00ab\u00bb<br \/>\n\u00ab\u00bb<br \/>\n\u00ab)community(\u00ab\u00bb)(nation\u00bb<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/70<br \/>\n\/70<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n:\u00bb<br \/>\n\u00ab.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)Dual Loyalty(<br \/>\n)Third party(<br \/>\n\u00ab\u00bb)<br \/>\n(.<br \/>\n)<br \/>\n(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n:\u00bb<br \/>\n\u00bb<br \/>\n..<br \/>\n71\/\/<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.\u00bb2003<br \/>\n\u00bb<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n(WMA)<br \/>\n\/72<br \/>\n\/72<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)(actual<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n2004<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n73\/\/ .<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\u00ab\u00bb:<br \/>\n1-)Macro(:<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n2-)Meso(:<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/74<br \/>\n\/74<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n3-)Micro(:<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n80<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)Micro(..<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n75\/\/<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)WMA(<br \/>\n:\u00bb<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\u00ab.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/76<br \/>\n\/76<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n77\/\/<br \/>\n(Libertarian):<br \/>\n.)<br \/>\n(<br \/>\n(Utilitarian):<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n(Egalitarian):<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n(Restorative):<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)libertarian(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.)<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n\/78<br \/>\n\/78<br \/>\n(<br \/>\n-.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)(.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n(Public Health)<br \/>\n)<br \/>\n\u00ab\u00bb\u00bb\u00bb(.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n79\/\/<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\u00bb<br \/>\n\u00ab)<br \/>\n(<br \/>\n\u00bb<br \/>\n\u00ab)<br \/>\n(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\u00ab\u00bb<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)\u00bb\u00bb\u00bb\u00bb<br \/>\nCommunity Medicine(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/80<br \/>\n\/80<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n:\u00bb<br \/>\n.\u00bb<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n81\/\/<br \/>\n\u00ab\u00bb)Confidentiality(.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)Global Health(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)Globalization(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/82<br \/>\n\/82<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)<br \/>\n(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\nHIV\/AIDS<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n83\/\/<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n)((Cleft Palate)<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/84<br \/>\n\/84<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n-.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n..<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n!.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/86<br \/>\n\/86<br \/>\n3:<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n..<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n87\/\/<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n][.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)<br \/>\n(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/88<br \/>\n\/88<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\u00ab\u00bb<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.)WMA(<br \/>\n\u00ab.\u00bb<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n(fee-for-service)<br \/>\n\u00bb<br \/>\n\u00ab(Professional Courtesy)<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)<br \/>\n89\/\/<br \/>\n(.<br \/>\n) :1(<br \/>\n)2(.<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\u00bb<br \/>\n\u00ab.-<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\u00ab\u00bb(hidden curriculum)<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/90<br \/>\n\/90<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n)IV(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n91\/\/<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n(on-call)<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)<br \/>\n(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n\u00bb<br \/>\n.\u00bb<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/92<br \/>\n\/92<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)<br \/>\n(.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)<br \/>\n(.<br \/>\n)(.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n-.<br \/>\n)(.<br \/>\n93\/\/<br \/>\n.\u00bb<br \/>\n&#8211;<br \/>\n)(.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)<br \/>\n(.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\u00ab.\u00bb-<br \/>\n\/94<br \/>\n\/94<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\u00bb<br \/>\n.\u00bb<br \/>\n)<br \/>\n(.<br \/>\n&#8211;<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n95\/\/<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)<br \/>\n(.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/96<br \/>\n\/96<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n97\/\/<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/98<br \/>\n\/98<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n..<br \/>\n..<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/<br \/>\n\/100<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n(NSAID)<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n90<br \/>\n10.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.50<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n101\/\/<br \/>\n)(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)(<br \/>\n)<br \/>\n()<br \/>\n()()(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n(CME)<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/<br \/>\n\/102<br \/>\n)Clinical Trial(.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n\u2013)(<br \/>\n.\u00bb<br \/>\n\u00bb<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n103\/\/<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.-<br \/>\n&#8211;<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n..<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)subject(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n&#8211;<br \/>\n-.<br \/>\n\/<br \/>\n\/104<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n&#8212;<br \/>\n..<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n1920<br \/>\n)(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.\u00bb<br \/>\n\u00bb<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n(WMA)1947<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n105\/\/<br \/>\n.1954<br \/>\n\u00ab\u00bb.<br \/>\n1964<br \/>\nDeclaration of Helsinki (DOH)<br \/>\n.19751983198919962000<br \/>\n2008..<br \/>\n)<br \/>\n\u00bb<br \/>\n\u00ab19932002(<br \/>\n)Nuffield<br \/>\n[UK]\u00bb<br \/>\n\u00ab2002(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n(DOH):<br \/>\n:15DOH<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/<br \/>\n\/106<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)(<br \/>\n)(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n12<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n107\/\/<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n11<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.16:<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/<br \/>\n\/108<br \/>\n1721<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)(<br \/>\n)<br \/>\n(.<br \/>\n)(<br \/>\n) :1(<br \/>\n)<br \/>\n()2()<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n109\/\/<br \/>\n(.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)(.<br \/>\n20<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)<br \/>\n(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n\u00bb<br \/>\n.\u00bb<br \/>\n)(\u00bb<br \/>\n.\u00bb<br \/>\n.24<br \/>\n.26<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n2729<br \/>\n)<br \/>\n(.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/<br \/>\n\/110<br \/>\n) .24(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n111\/\/<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n&#8211;<br \/>\n&#8211;<br \/>\n.31<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n(Plagiarism)<br \/>\n(Data fabrication)<br \/>\n(Duplicate<br \/>\npublication)<br \/>\n(Gift authorship).<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/<br \/>\n\/112<br \/>\n(Whistle blowing)<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)<br \/>\n(.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n90<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n113\/\/<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n90<br \/>\n10<br \/>\n)<br \/>\n90<br \/>\n(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)(.<br \/>\n-.<br \/>\n\/<br \/>\n\/114<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n..<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)(.<br \/>\n)<br \/>\n(.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)<br \/>\n(.<br \/>\n\/<br \/>\n\/116<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n1847<br \/>\n..<br \/>\n\u00bb<br \/>\n)(.<br \/>\n\u00bb<br \/>\n\u00bb<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;<br \/>\n&#8230;\u00bb.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n117\/\/<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n1984<br \/>\n\u00ab.<br \/>\n1986:<br \/>\n\u00bb<br \/>\n.\u00bb\u00bb<br \/>\n.\u00bb<br \/>\n1995<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n1997<br \/>\n\/<br \/>\n\/118<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n2003<br \/>\n\u00bb<br \/>\n.\u00bb\u00bb<br \/>\n)<br \/>\n(\u00ab.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)<br \/>\n(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n-.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n119\/\/<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\ud83d\ude42<br \/>\n(.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.6080<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n(Life Style)<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/<br \/>\n\/120<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n!<br \/>\nHIV\/AIDS<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n121\/\/<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\u00ab\u00bb<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.\u00bb\u00bb<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/<br \/>\n\/122<br \/>\n)Consensus(:<br \/>\n.<br \/>\nBioethics\/Biomedical Ethics:<br \/>\n:<br \/>\nClinical Ethics<br \/>\n)(<br \/>\nResearch Ethics<br \/>\n)(<br \/>\nProfessional Ethics<br \/>\n)<br \/>\nMedical Ethics(<br \/>\nPublic Policy Ethics<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)Value(:)() .(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/<br \/>\n\/124<br \/>\n)Profess(:.<br \/>\nProfessionProfessionalProfessionalism<br \/>\n)(.<br \/>\n)Wistle-Blower(:<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)<br \/>\n(.<br \/>\n)Accountable(:)<br \/>\n.(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)Physician(:.<br \/>\n\u00ab\u00bbPhysician<br \/>\n\u00ab\u00bb.<br \/>\n\u00ab\u00bb<br \/>\nPh.D<br \/>\n.\u00bb\u00bb<br \/>\n.<br \/>\nPhysician<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)Advance Directives(:<br \/>\n)<br \/>\n(<br \/>\n125\/<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)Surrogate or Substitute gestation(:<br \/>\n)Artificial insemination(Embryo<br \/>\n)In Vitro(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)Plagiarism(:<br \/>\n)(.<br \/>\n)Hierarchy(:<br \/>\n.Hierarchical<br \/>\n.Hierarchy<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)Beneficience(:\u00bb\u00bb.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)Justice(:<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)Non-Maleficence(:\u00bb<br \/>\n\u00ab.<br \/>\n.<br 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\/>\n:www.wits.ac.za\/bioethics\/<br \/>\nUNAIDS:<br \/>\nwww.unaids.org\/en\/in+focus\/hiv_aids_human_rights\/unaids+ac<br \/>\ntivities+hr.asp<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n:www.ama.org\/ama\/pub\/category\/5689.html<br \/>\n:www.who.int\/ethics\/research\/en\/<br \/>\n:<br \/>\nwww.hsph.harvard.edu\/bioethics\/<br \/>\n:<br \/>\nwww.trree.org\/site\/en_home.phtml<br \/>\n129\/<br \/>\nWMA<br \/>\n)<br \/>\n1999(.<br \/>\n1(<br \/>\n2(<br \/>\n3(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n(WFME)<br \/>\n&#8211;<br \/>\n(www2.sund.ku.dk\/wfme\/)<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n\/<br \/>\n\/130<br \/>\n4-1(:<br \/>\n)<br \/>\n(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n4-4(-:<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n5-4(-:<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n4-4(-:<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n131\/<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n1.:<br \/>\nCurricululm Committee<br \/>\nFaculty Council<br \/>\n2.:<br \/>\n\/<br \/>\n\/132<br \/>\n3.:<br \/>\n&#8211;<br \/>\n)<br \/>\n(<br \/>\n4.:<br \/>\n) .WMA<br \/>\n:<br \/>\nhtml.education\/ethicsunit\/e\/net.wma.www(<br \/>\nWMA.<br \/>\n5.:<br \/>\n133\/<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\/<br \/>\n\/134<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n..<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\nHIV<br \/>\n..<br \/>\n.<br \/>\nHIV..<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.HIV<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n..<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)(<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n..<br \/>\nHIV<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n135\/<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\u00ab\u00bb.<br \/>\n..<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n)(.<br \/>\n\/<br \/>\n\/136<br \/>\n:<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/research.haifa.ac.il\/~medlaw\/<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\nwww.ethics-network.org.uk\/Cases\/archive.htm<br \/>\n:<br \/>\nwww.hsph.harvard.edu\/bioethics\/<br \/>\n137\/<br \/>\n\/<br \/>\n\/138<br \/>\n139\/<br \/>\n\/<br \/>\n\/140<\/p>\n"},"caption":{"rendered":"<p>medical_ethics_manual__persian_2_edition_2009 : :1942-. 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(John Reynold( :] \/ [ . ::1389. :140:.)(5\/19\u00d75\/9. :22000:978-964-7976-76-3 : :: Medical ethics manual,2nd ed.,2009. :. :. :. : :1345- :1363- : :World Medical Association :1389294\/724R :174\/2 :2252599 E.mail: gapnashr@gmail.com : : : : :1389 :1200 :22000 :3-76-7976-964-978 :1&#8211;5994-14155 :3257500-0912-:66437332 2&#8211;..3531-41635 :2244315 :-)66490719()66970659( )3-66960772()66978518( w.w.w.iketab.com 4\u201377514462\u2013021 \/4 \/4 2009 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n"},"alt_text":"","media_type":"file","mime_type":"application\/pdf","media_details":{},"post":902,"source_url":"https:\/\/www.wma.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/medical_ethics_manual__persian_2_edition_2009.pdf","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wma.net\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7055"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wma.net\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wma.net\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/attachment"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wma.net\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wma.net\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7055"}]}}