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The Declaration of Helsinki
(DoH) is the WMA's best-known policy statement. The first
version was adopted in 1964 and has been amended six times since,
most recently at the General Assembly in October 2008. The current
(2008) version is the only official one; all previous versions
have been replaced and should not be used or cited except for
historical purposes.The WMA thanks all those who submitted comments
and suggestions for the most recent (2007-2008) revision of the
DoH.
Some useful references:
- Human D, Fluss SS. The
World Medical Association's Declaration of Helsinki: Historical
and Contemporary Perspectives (References)
- The
International Response to Helsinki VI - The WMA's Declaration
of Helsinki on Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving
Human Subjects, as adopted by the 52nd WMA General Assembly,
Edinburgh, October 2000
- De Roy PG. Helsinki and the Declaration of Helsinki. World
Med J 2004; 50/1: 9-11
- Benatar SR. Linking Moral Progress to Medical Progress: New
opportunities for the Declaration of Helsinki. World
Med J 2004; 50/1: 11-13
- Williams JR. The Promise and Limits of International Bioethics:
Lessons from the Recent Revision of the Declaration of Helsinki.
Int J Bioethics 2004; 15: 31-42
- Carlson RV, Boyd KM, Webb DJ. The revision of the Declaration
of Helsinki: past, present and future. Br J Clin Pharmacol
2004; 57: 695-713
- Nuffield Council on Bioethics: The
ethics of research related to healthcare in developing countries
- a follow-up Discussion Paper, London, Nuffield Council,
2005
- Williams JR. The Physician's Role in the Protection of Human
Research Subjects. Science and Engineering Ethics 2006;
12: 5-12
- Carlson RV, van Ginneken NH, Pettigrew LM, Davies A, Boyd
KM, Webb DJ. The three official language versions of the Declaration
of Helsinki: what's lost in translation? J Med Ethics
2007; 33: 545-548
- Schmidt U, Frewer A, eds. History and Theory of Human Experimentation:
The Declaration of Helsinki and Modern Medical Ethics, Stuttgart:
Franz Steiner, 2007
- Williams JR. The Declaration of Helsinki and public health.
Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2008; 86: 650-651
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